Of the participating delegations, 57 voted in favour of the postponement, 49 voted against it, and 21 abstained. The framework, intended to guide international shipping toward net-zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2050, had been scheduled for adoption this week, with a possible entry into force in March 2027. The session is now set to reconvene in 12 months, extending the timeline for finalization and implementation. The NZF forms a key part of the IMO's 2023 Revised GHG Strategy.  

It includes measures such as a global carbon pricing system, where ships would pay fees for exceeding carbon intensity limits; a revenue fund expected to generate up to USD 15 billion annually from 2030 to support transitions to cleaner energy; lifecycle emissions standards for fuels; and updated requirements for energy-efficient operations. Shipping accounts for about 3% of global emissions, and the framework seeks to align the sector with the Paris Agreement.

The postponement reflects ongoing differences among member states. Discussions were influenced by positions from various groups, including a U.S.-led initiative supported by oil-producing countries such as Saudi Arabia and Russia. This group advocated for procedural adjustments, including a shift from consensus-based to "explicit" adoption, which could affect implementation in certain regions. Singapore proposed the delay motion, which Saudi Arabia moved to a vote, resulting in the narrow approval despite earlier indications of support in April 2025.

In its statement, the IMO described the adjournment as an opportunity for additional consultations. Member states plan to continue technical work in the coming year. An Intersessional Working Group on GHG Emissions from Ships, scheduled for 20-24 October, will address details such as guidelines for green energy incentives and revenue distribution.

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